Opponents of the just war theory may either be inclined to a stricter pacifist standard (which proposes that there has never been nor can there ever be a justifiable basis for war) or they may be inclined toward a more permissive nationalist standard (which proposes that a war only needs to serve a nation's interests to be justifiable).

Important responsibilities, undesirable outcomes, or preventable atrocities may justify war. The just war theory postulates the belief that war, while it is terrible but less so with the right conduct, is not always the worst option. There have been calls for the inclusion of a third category of just war theory ( jus post bellum) dealing with the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction. The first group of criteria concerns the morality of going to war, and the second group of criteria concerns the moral conduct within war. The criteria are split into two groups: 'right to go to war' ( jus ad bellum) and 'right conduct in war' ( jus in bello).

The purpose of the doctrine is to ensure that a war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. The just war theory ( Latin: jus belli justi) is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics which is studied by military leaders, theologians, ethicists and policy makers. Saint Augustine was the principal advocate of the just-war theory.

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